Abstract
Wireless sensor networks enable monitoring and control applications such weather sensing, target tracking, medical monitoring, road monitoring, and airport lighting. Additionally, these applications require long term and robust sensing, and therefore require sensor networks to have long system lifetime. However, sensor devices are typically battery operated. The design of long lifetime networks requires efficient sensor node circuits, architectures, algorithms, and protocols. In this research, we observed that most protocols turn on sensor radios to listen or receive data then make a decision whether or not to relay it. To conserve energy, sensor nodes should consider not listening or receiving the data when not necessary by turning off the radio. We employ a cross layer scheme to target at the network layer issues. We propose a simple, scalable, and energy efficient forwarding scheme, which is called Gossip-based Sleep Protocol (GSP). Our proposed GSP protocol is designed for large low-cost wireless sensor networks with low complexity to reduce the energy cost for every node as much as possible. The analysis shows that allowing some nodes to remain in sleep mode improves energy efficiency and extends network lifetime without data loss in the topologies such as square grid, rectangular grid, random grid, lattice topology, and star topology. Additionally, GSP distributes energy consumption over the entire network because the nodes go to sleep in a fully random fashion and the traffic forwarding continuously via the same path can be avoided.
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